Barber-Greene Ditcher, Model 44C

It consists of an adjustable boom carrying a bucket line.  The buckets penetrate into the ground and deposit the excavated material on to a conveyor.  The conveyor  can be set to discharge at either side and can be swung to place the spoil bank where desired.  A follow-up scraper is fitted which drags immediately behind the buckets and cleans up the bottom of the ditch or trench.

MT vehicle require for transportation -

• SMT, 20 ton, 16 wheel, low-loading trailer or similar.

This vehicle was shown in AP3036 (1st Edition) so was probably in use before 1944 but wasn't shown in the initial issue of AP3036 (2nd Edition), however, it reappeared with the issue of AL19.

The speed of feeding is controlled by a lever giving variable speed, the selection of which will depend on the depth of cut and the type of soil being excavated.  To obtain maximum output, the highest speed should be used which does not cause the engine to labour.

Maximum depth of cut - 8 ft. 3 in.

Width of cut - 18 or 24 in.

Feeding speed - 10 in. to 96 in. per min.

Bucket line speed - 146 ft. or 187 ft. per mm.

• Length (boom up) - 17 ft 9 in
• Length (boom flat) - 24 ft 6 in
• Width - 11 ft 0 in (including conveyor)
• Height - 15 ft 11 in

Cleveland Ditcher, Model 110

1. The ditcher consists of a power unit mounted on tracks, and a digging wheel with buckets attached, mounted on a boom.  The raising and lowering of the boom is controlled by hydraulic hoists.  All soil removed by the buckets is tipped on to a conveyor belt, which is also mounted on the boom and may be placed on that side of the boom which is most convenient.
2. The power for operating the plant is supplied by a six cylinder Buda engine.

MT Required for transportation - SMT, 20 ton, 8-wheel, low-loading trailer or similar.

This vehicle was shown in AP3036 (1st Edition) so was probably in use before 1944 but wasn't shown in the initial issue of AP3036 (2nd Edition).  It reappeared in the 2nd Edition n AL3, on which this entry is based.

Running Gear - Track: -

• Track centres - 5 ft 10½ in
• Length on ground - 5 ft 10 in
• Width of one track - 1 ft 0 in
• Number of links per track - 33
• Ground contact area - 1,680 sq in

By the operation of the 3-speed and 4-speed lever 12 different track speeds are available. T he positions of the levers that are required to give any of the 12 speeds, and the speed over the ground in feet per minute, are shown in the following table: -

The speed of rotation of the digging wheel is controlled by a lever giving 4 alternative speeds.  Selection of the proper speed will depend on the depth of ditch and the type of soil being excavated. T o obtain maximum output the highest speed should be used which does not cause the engine to "labour".

• Maximum, depth of cut - 5 ft 9 in
• Normal width of cut - 1 ft 6 in
• Maximum width with bucket extensions - 2 ft 0 in

• Length - 22 ft 0 in
• Width - 6 ft 0 in (excluding conveyor)
• Width - 7 ft 11 in (including conveyor)
• Height - 9 ft 10 in

Allen Ditcher, Type 12/21

1. The ditcher consists of a power unit mounted on tracks and a continuous bucket line mounted on a boom.  The raising and lowering of the boom is effected by hydraulic hoists.  All soil removed by the buckets is tipped on to a conveyor belt which may be positioned, as required, to discharge on either side of the ditcher.
2. The power for operating the plant is supplied by a 4-cylinder Dorman diesel engine.

MT Required for transportation - SMT, 20 ton, 8-wheel, low-loading trailer or similar.

This item of equipment appears to have been added to the 2nd Edition by the issue of AL7.  Another version appeared in AL72 but whether this replaced this version is not known.

Running Gear - Track: -

• Track centres - 3 ft 4¾ in
• Length on ground - 6 ft 2 in
• Width of one track - 1 ft 0 in
• Number of links per track - 28
• Ground contact area - 1,776 sq in

By the operation of the 2-speed and 4-speed gearbox levers, four different track speeds are available. The position of the levers for any of the four speeds, and the speed over the ground in ft. per min. is shown in the following table: -   

Road speeds: - There are two road travelling speeds, Fast - 4 mph, and Slow - 2½ mph.  These are obtained by the main 2-speed gearbox with slow traction gears locked in neutral position.

Bucket line speed: - The speed of the rotating bucket line is controlled by the bucket 2-speed gearbox. This provides two speeds the selection of which depends upon the depth of ditch and the type of soil being excavated.

• Maximum, depth of cut - 6 ft 0 in
• Normal width of cut - 1 ft 0 in
• Maximum width with bucket extensions - 2 ft 0 in

• Length - 26 ft 9 in
• Width - 4 ft 5 in (over caterpillars)
• Width - 6 ft 11½ in (including conveyor)
• Height - 7 ft 3 in

Allen Ditcher, Type 12-21 (Gardner Diesel engine)

1. The ditcher consists of a power unit mounted on tracks and a continuous bucket line mounted on a boom.  The raising and lowering of the boom is effected by hydraulic hoists.  All soil removed by the buckets is tipped on to a conveyor belt which may be positioned, as required, to discharge on either side of the ditcher.
2. The power for operating the plant is supplied by a 4-cylinder Dorman diesel engine.

MT Required for transportation

• SMT, 20 ton, 8-wheel, low-loading trailer or similar.

This item of equipment appears to have been added to the 2nd Edition by the issue of AL72.  Another version had appeared in AL7 but whether this version replaced the earlier version is not known.

Running Gear - Track: -

• Track centres - 3 ft 4¾ in
• Length on ground - 6 ft 2 in
• Width of one track - 1 ft 0 in
• Number of links per track - 28
• Ground contact area - 1,776 sq in

By the operation of the 2-speed and 4-speed gearbox levers, four different track speeds are available. The position of the levers for any of the four speeds, and the speed over the ground in ft. per min. is shown in the following table: -   

Road speeds: - There are two road travelling speeds, Fast - 4 mph, and Slow - 2 mph.  These are obtained by the main 2-speed gearbox with slow traction gears locked in neutral position.

Bucket line speed: - The speed of the rotating bucket line is controlled by the bucket 2-speed gearbox. This provides two speeds the selection of which depends upon the depth of ditch and the type of soil being excavated.

• Maximum, depth of cut - 6 ft 0 in
• Normal width of cut - 1 ft 0 in
• Maximum width with bucket extensions - 2 ft 0 in

• Length - 26 ft 9 in
• Width - 4 ft 5 in (excluding conveyor)
• Width - 6 ft 11½ in (including conveyor)
• Height - 7 ft 3 in

Killefer plough, Model 350R

1. The Killefer Model 350R is a tractor-drawn two-wheel trenching plough, consisting of a frame mounted on an axle and equipped with a V-shaped mouldboard and share which penetrate, loosen, and move earth to each side, forming a trench to a maximum depth of 26 in.  Detachable drift wings are supplied to spread the dirt away from the ditch so that it will not roll back into it again when working at maximum depth.  The trencher is used for making drainage and irrigation ditches, trenches for laying pipe into the ground, and for uncovering pipe lines.  It will not break up heavy stony ground and must not be used among rocks or tree roots.

2. The depth of trench is regulated by rotating the cranked axle through a manually-controlled leadscrew.  The ditcher is raised by a lever operated by the tractor driver through a lifting rope.

3. Under normal conditions, a tractor of similar power to the Caterpillar D6 is used, but a D8 may, be required under difficult conditions.

MT Required for transportation -

• Towing (6 mph. maximum) - Bedford OWL, OWST, or similar
• Transportation - Hands or Templewood trailer

This item of equipment appears to have been added to the 2nd Edition by the issue of AL7.

• Wheels - Two  64 in dia with 6 in wide steel tyres mounted on axle with collars, pins and wheel cap.
• AxIe - 3½ in. round steel, attached to frame with four split bearings; wheels run in replaceable sleeves.

Frame -  Longitudinal members, ¾ in. x 8 in., reinforcements, 1 in. x 8 in., riveted and bolted

 Depth control - Screw type

Mouldboard - 3/8 in. thick

Share - Forged steel, ¾ in. thick

Width of trench - Bottom - 12 in., Top - 48 in.

Volume of dirt moved - 138 cu. ft.

• Length (Frame less mouldboard) - 11 ft 3 in
• Length (Complete) - 17 ft. 9. in.
• Width (Frame only) - 24½ in
• Width (Hub to hub) - 74½ in
• Width (Top of mouldboard, wing to wing) - 87 in
• Width (with short drift wings) - 111 in
• Width (with long drift wings) - 122 in
• Tread - 56 in

Tractors and Attachments - General

Description

1. The Crawler Tractor has many applications of widely differing character particularly in work connected with the construction and maintenance of roads and airfields

2. It consists essentially of a high powered engine, a main clutch, a multispeed gearbox and a transmission system, mounted on a sturdy chassis which can move about on crawler tracks

3. The machine is termed a "track-laying" vehicle since it can be considered to unroll and lay its own road surface as it travels along.  The Crawler Tractor is thus able to operate in conditions of soft, rough or uneven ground which would be impassable to a wheeled vehicle.  The tracks of the machine are made up of a large number of links which may be of various types and widths to suit most operating conditions.  The standard track which is usually fitted is made up of fiat links, each of which has a perpendicular flange extending the full width of the link.  These flanges are known as "spuds" or "grousers" and they increase the adhesion between the tracks and the ground.

4. The drive is transmitted to the tracks by two rear sprocket wheels the front of the tracks being supported on idler wheels.  Steering is effected by means of steering clutches operated by hand levers, and steering clutch brakes operated by foot pedals. The steering clutch is disengaged on the side it is required to turn and the clutch brake on this side is applied.  In This way the drive is transmitted to one side of the machine only, the other side being braked, so turning the machine.

5. The power unit used in most Crawler Tractors is a diesel engine which may be started by means of an auxiliary petrol engine, an electric starting motor or by other means.  Most modern machines incorporate an "hour-meter" fitted to the engine and driven from the crankshaft.  This hour meter is a revolution counter and the dial advances one number when the crankshaft has turned as many revolutions as are made in one hour at normal operating speed.  The meter thus gives an accurate indication of when the machine is due for servicing.

6. At present Crawler Tractors are classified into five different classes according to their drawbar horsepower.  This classification serves as a useful guide in deciding the size of attachment that may be fitted to the various machines.  The following table shows the classes into which machines of the principal makes fall.

Attachments and General Uses of Crawler Tractors

7. The use to which a Crawler Tractor may be put depends upon the type of attachment which can be fitted.  The three main attachments which can be fitted to the Crawler Tractor are: -

   1. the Angledozer,

   2. the Power Control Unit and

   3. the Power Winch.

The description and uses of each type of attachment are given below: -

The Angledozer

8. The Angledozer attachment consists of a curved steel blade with a horizontal cutting edge, and is pivoted on arms which can be raised or lowered mechanically either by cables operated from a Power Control Unit, or by a series of lever arms operated by a hydraulic ram on each side of the machine. In the latter case the oil pressure supplied to the hydraulic rams is obtained from a pump mounted at the front of the engine and driven from the forward end of the engine crankshaft, the hydraulic rams being controlled by a lever operated valve situated near the driver's seat.

9. The blade of the cable operated Angledozer is raised by means of a cable from a Power Control Unit fitted to the rear of the machine, but the weight of the blade only is used for lowering.  The cable operated Angledozer is thus quicker in operation than the hydraulically operated Angledozer but it cannot apply a digging pressure.

10. The Angledozer blade may be set manually in three positions :-

    1. set squarely across the front of the Tractor. The machine is then termed a " Bulldozer."

    2. set at an angle of 30° to the left

    3. set at an angle of 30° to the right

    In each of these three positions the blade can be tilted about its centre to a maximum of 12 inches from the horizontal at each end.  When the blade is tilted in this way the Tractor may be used for cutting tree roots prior to tree felling and for digging shallow ditches.

11. With the Angledozer blade in the Bulldozer position large quantities of earth or other materials can be moved short distances quickly and economically. The chief use of the Angle-dozer is for earth moving where the earth has to be pushed to one side, as in the construction of shallow ditches, road clearance or filling in trenches.

12. Although the Bulldozer and Angledozer are not primarily intended for earth moving to fine limits they can be used for grading by a process known as back blading" This is done by lowering the blade to the ground and then reversing the tractor so that the blade drags on top of the earth.  Back blading requires considerable skill on the part of the operator.

The Power Control Unit

13. The Power Control Unit is an attachment designed to convert the power of the Tractor engine into a form where it can be used to operate various attachments.  It is generally mounted at the rear of the Tractor and consists of two independently controlled winches driven from the power take-off shaft, and which are mounted side by side, each being fitted with a cone clutch and a hand brake.

14. A Power Control Unit can be used to operate one of a number of different types of plant including, scrapers, angledozer, grader, rooter, crane, bottom-dump wagon, side dragline, etc.

The Power Winch

15. The Power Winch may be fitted to the Tractor as an alternative to the Power Control Unit.  It is a massive single drum winch mounted with its axis horizontal and driven from the power take-off shaft.

16. It is used principally, for tree and scrub clearance, and as a powerful general purpose winch in bridge construction, demolition and vehicle recovery.

General Notes on Operation of Tractors

17. When the Tractor is towing a heavy load it is not usually necessary to use the track brakes in steering except in making very sharp turns.  It is sufficient to disengage the steering clutch on the side in which it is desired to turn, as the load will act as a brake.

18. When going down a steep hill where the Tractor would "free wheel" if the steering clutches were disengaged the method of steering is reversed to normal operation.  The steering clutch is disengaged on the side opposite to which it is desired to turn.

19. A locking device is fitted to each brake pedal so that either, or both, may be locked in position.  This locking arrangement is particularly useful when the Tractor is doing stationary work or when the Tractor is working on a slope.

20. Before a Tractor may be allowed to travel on publicly maintained roads and highways the tracks must be fitted with "road plates".  These have the effect of building up the general level of the links to the level of the grousers so that the grouses become non effective so preventing damage to the road surface.

General Notes on the Use of Attachments

21. When bulldozing the maximum distance of travel for economic operation is between 200 feet and 300 feet depending upon the type of earth being moved. If earth has to be moved over greater distances it is generally more efficient to use Scrapers.

22. Short distance excavating with the Bulldozer is best carried out downhill.

23. If the size of the job justified two or more Bulldozers they can often be efficiently employed "in tandem," i.e. working closely side by side with their blades in line.  In this way the ratio of the amount of earth moved, to the amount of earth spilled round the ends of the blades, is considerably increased since the effective width of the blade is doubled.

24. With the Angledozer blade removed and a pusher cap fitted to the Angledozer frame, the Crawler Tractor may be used as a pusher to assist in the loading of Scrapers.

25. The cutting edge of the Angledozer blade is generally reversible and is made in three sections which are bolted to the mold board.  As the cutting edge becomes worn these sections should be reversed so that wear is even.  In this way the useful life of the blade will he prolonged.

Notes on the Supervision of Tractors and Attachments

26. Bulldozing should be carefully planned to give as short a distance of earth moving and as much downhill work as possible.

27. Time studies of all earth moving operations should be made.  Each cycle of operations should be split into its basic sections and each of these sections should be timed and examined in detail in order to eliminate unnecessary delays.

28. Full use should be made of the high speed reverse gears so as to eliminate time wasted in turning round.

29. All operations should be carried out at the maximum speed desirable for that particular operation, bearing in mind the skill of the operator, and the limitations and possible damage. of the plant.

30. The engine must not be stalled.

31. All haulage routes should he kept smooth and free from obstruction.

32. The hand brakes of the Power Control Unit are apt to slip in wet weather.  This can he dangerous when the unit is used with a crane.

33. Care should be taken to ensure that the brake drum surfaces are free from oil or grease.

34. An operator must never dismount from a Tractor equipped with Angledozer attachment leaving the blade raised.  The blade must always first be lowered to the ground or supported on an adequate and rigid support before dismounting.

Caterpillar Tractor, Type D8 (Class I) and Attachments

Caterpillar Tractor, Type D8 (Class I) fitted with La Choate Angledozer (Class I)

1. The Caterpillar tractor, Type D8 is capable of a great variety of work.  It is fitted with two tracks which permit it it to travel and work over very rough ground.  It can be used as a towing vehicle for moving other types of in machines.  The following attachments may be fitted to it:-

• La Plante-Choate angledozer Model R8

• Birtley angledozer, No 8A

• Le Tourneau power control unit Model R8

• Caterpillar power control unit No 25

• Hyster winch Model D8N

This vehicle was shown in AP3036 (1st Edition) so was probably in use before 1944.  This entry has been amended up to AL49.

Starting - Caterpillar, 2-cylinder  petrol engine:  US hp rating - 24

Maximum draw-bar pull - 11¾ tons

Travel speeds at rated engine speeds     

Forward    

• 1st - 1.7 mph.
• 2nd - 2.3 mph.
• 3rd - 2.8 mph.
• 4th - 3.7 mph.
• 5th - 4.8 mph.

Reverse:-  

• 1st - 2.2 mph.
• 2nd - 3.0 mph.
• 3rd - 3.7 mph.

Steering   

• No of friction surfaces to each clutch - 36
• Type of clutch release - Spring compensated
• Brakes, dry -  Contracting band

Transmission - Constant mesh helical gears.  Power transmitted through flexible coupling and over-centre engagement, dry flywheel clutch with metallic friction surfaces.  Selective type speed change.

• Length - 15 ft 3 in
• Width - 8 ft 8 in
• Height - 7 ft 6 in (exclusive of exhaust pipe)
• Gauge (centre of tracks) - 6 ft. 6 in.

• Length of tracks on ground (centre of drive sprocket to centre of front idler) - 8 ft. 1-5/8 in.

• Area of ground contact (with standard track shoes) - 4,296 sq. in.

• Ground Clearance (measured from lower face of standard track shoe) - 10½ in

• Height of draw-bar above ground (measured from lower face of standard track shoe) - 17½ in.

• Lateral movement of draw-bar (measured at draw-bar pin) - 3 ft. 7 in.

Track  

• Width of standard track shoe - 1 ft. 2 in.

• Height of grouser (measured from upper face of standard track shoe) -  2-19/32 in.

• Diameter of track shoe bolts - ¾ in.

• Diameter of track pins - 1¾ in.

• Diameter of track pin bushings - 2¾ in.

Weight - 34,200 lb. (15 ton 5 cwt)

Caterpillar No 46 Hydraulic Control - Comprises pump, control valve and oil filter

Pump - Vane type, front mounted

Pump output 100 gph. at 1,000 rpm

Single valve - Spool type

Single valve positions - Raise, hold, lower, float

Drive coupling - Direct  from tractor crankshaft pulley, universal joint

Dimensions

Overall length  of tractor  and angledozer      

• Blade straight - 19 ft. 7½ in.

• Blade angled - 22 ft. 4 in.

Overall width of tractor and angledozer      

• Blade straight - 13 ft. 4 in.

• Blade angled - 12 ft. 2 in.

Overall height of tractor and angledozer - 7 ft. 6 in.

Blade  

• Length  - 13 ft. 41n.

• Height - 3 ft. 2¾ in.

Maximum lift above ground  

• Blade straight - 4 ft 0½  in.

• Front point with blade angled but not tilted - 4 ft. 10-3/8 in.

Maximum angle tilting adjustment - 1 ft.

Blade angle - 25 degrees

Maximum drop below ground - 1 ft. 4¼ in.

Cutting edges -

Centre section

• Length - 10 ft. 8 in.

• Width -  10 in.

• Thickness - 1in.

End bits          

• Length - 1 ft. 4 in.

• Width - 10 in.

• Thickness - 1 in.

Maximum usable track shoe width - 2 ft.

Cylinders (double acting)      

• Bore - 4 ft 6 in.

• Stroke - 2 ft. 10 in.

Blade Lift Speed (at rated engine speed) - 1¼ ft. per sec.

Weights

• Bulldozer (less hydraulic control) - 6,550 lb. (2 ton 18¼ cwt)

• Weight of No. 46 hydraulic control    655 lb. (5¾ cwt.)

• Total weight of bulldozer and No 46 hydraulic control  - 7,205 lb. (3 ton 4¼ cwt)

Drums

• Number and mounting - Double-rear

• Diameter - 8-5/8 in

• Length - 7-5/8 in

• Flange diameter - 15 in

Operation - Mechanical from tractor gears

Gear Reduction - 7.2 to I

Line Speed

• Bare drum - 298 ft. per min

• Full drum - 484 ft. per min

Line Pull

• Bare drum - 5,000 lb

• Full drum - Up to 3,100 lb

Cable Capacity (½ in. cable) - 225 ft

Weight - 1,525 lb. (13½ cwt)

Drums

• Diameter - 11 in

• Length - 5 in

• Flange diameter - 17 in

Operation - Mechanical from tractor gears

Line Speed

• Bare drum - 343 ft. per min

• Full drum - 500 ft. per min

Cable Capacity (½ in. cable) - 225 ft

Sheave Cable Groove Diameter - 9 in

Weight (including adapter group) - 1,920 lb

Drum Dimensions

• Barrel diameter - l ft. 3in

• Flange diameter - 2ft

• Barrel length - 1 ft

Line Pulls

• Low gear

  • Bare drum - 53,000 lb

  • Full drum - 34,000 lb

• High gear

  • Bare drum - 35,000 lb

  • Full drum - 25,000 lb

Line Speeds (high gear)

• Bare drum - 124 ft. per min

• Full drum - 175 ft. per min

Weight (without cable) - 3,200 lb

Caterpillar Tractor, Type D4 (Class IV) - 1st Edition

Caterpillar Tractor, Type D4 (Class IV) with La Plant-Choate Angledozer and Le Tourneau Power Control Unit - 2nd Edition

Caterpillar Tractor, Type D4 (Class IV) fitted with La Choate Angledozer (Class IV)

1. The Crawler Tractor illustrated above is a Class IV tractor of 35.68 drawbar horsepower and when fitted with suitable attachments is capable of handling small earthmoving jobs.  The attachments normally fitted are the Angledozer which is hydraulically operated, and a Power Control Unit or Power Winch, which is driven from a power take off shaft at the rear of the machine.

2. The Angledozer hydraulic system is controlled by a cone valve manually operated and hydraulically assisted.  The Tractor is steered by the usual steering clutches operated by hand levers and the transmission gears give five forward speeds and one reverse

3. The power unit is a Caterpillar four cylinder diesel engine with a subsidiary twin cylinder petrol engine mounted at the rear of the main engine for starting purposes.  The drive from the starting engine to the main engine is by multiplate wet clutch and helical gears (known as the "Bendix pinion"') to the main engine flywheel.  When the main engine starts this helical pinion automatically disengages with the main engine flywheel so disconnecting the two engines.  The starting engine is then stopped.

4. The starling engine must not be run for a longer period than is necessary to start the main engine, otherwise it will become overheated and will seize.

The minimum diameter of wire rope for demolition work should be 1 in.

MT Required for transportation - SMT, 20 ton, 8-wheel, low-loading trailer or similar.

This vehicle was shown in AP3036 (1st Edition) so was probably in use before 1944.  When AP3036 (2nd Edition) was issued, it was still included.

Starting - 2-cylinder Caterpillar petrol engine:  Capacity - 35.6 cu in:  Governed to 3,000 rpm.

• Track centres - 3 ft 8 in
• Length on ground - 5 ft 6 in
• Width of one track - 1 ft 1 in
• No of links per track - 31
• Ground contact area - 1,716 sq in

Overall- Tractor in working order, no attachments

• Length - 10 ft 2 in
• Width - 5 ft 2 in
• Height - 6 ft 8 in (to top of exhaust pipe), 5 ft 1 in (exclusive of exhaust pipe)
• Ground Clearance - 11 in

Overall- Tractor in working order, with La-Choate Model 4R Angledozer

• Length (blade square) - 12 ft 8 in
• Length (blade angled) - 14 ft 0 in
• Width (blade square) - 7 ft 8 in
• Width (blade angled) - 6 ft 11 in
• Height - 6 ft 8 in (to top of exhaust pipe)

Overall- Tractor in working order, with Le Tourneau Model T4 Power Control Unit.

• Length - 12 ft 2 in
• Width - 5 ft 2 in
• Height - 6 ft 8 in (to top of exhaust pipe)

Overall- Tractor in working order, with Hyster Model D4 Power Winch.

• Length - 11 ft 2 in
• Width - 5 ft 2 in
• Height - 6 ft 8 in (to top of exhaust pipe)

Overall- Tractor in working order, with La-Choate Model 4R Angledozer and Le Tourneau Model T4 Power Control Unit.

• Length (blade square) - 14 ft 8 in
• Length (blade angled) - 16 ft 0 in
• Width (blade square) - 7 ft 8 in
• Width (blade angled) - 6 ft 11 in
• Height - 6 ft 8 in (to top of exhaust pipe)

Overall- Tractor in working order, with La-Choate Model 4R Angledozer and Hyster Model D4 Power Winch.

• Length (blade square) - 13 ft 8 in
• Length (blade angled) - 15 ft 0 in
• Width (blade square) - 7 ft 8 in
• Width (blade angled) - 6 ft 11 in
• Height - 6 ft 8 in (to top of exhaust pipe)

• Tractor in working order without attachments - 10,000 lb
• La Plant-Choate Model 4R Angledozer - 3,340 lb
• Le Tourneau Model T4 Power Control Unit 1,340 - lb (including cable)
• Hyster Model D4 Power Winch 1,225 - lb (including cable)

Forward speeds -

• 1st Gear - 1.7 mph
• 2nd Gear - 2.4 mph
• 3rd Gear - 3.0 mph
• 4th Gear - 3.7 mph
• 5th Gear - 5.4 mph
• Reverse - 1.9 mph

Maximum Drawbar Pull

• 1st Gear - 8,637 lb
• 2nd Gear - 6,392 lb
• 3rd Gear - 4,995 lb
• 4th Gear - 3.818 lb
• 5th Gear - 2,453 lb
• Reverse - 7,727 lb

• Maximum lift above ground level - 2 ft 8-7/8 in
• Maximum drop below ground level - 11-7/8 in
• Maximum lift from horizontal - 10 in

Power Control Unit

• Ropes (two) - Each 1-5/8 in circumference x 186 ft
• Line speed, drum empty - 361 ft/min
• Line speed, drum full- 568 ft/min
• Line pull, drum empty - 3,200 lb
• Line pull, drum empty - 2,030 lb

Power Winch

• Ropes (one) - 2 in circumference x 485 ft or 2-3/8 in circumference x 335 ft
• Line speed, drum empty - 91 ft/min
• Line speed, drum full- 164 ft/min
• Line pull, drum empty - 15,400 lb
• Line pull, drum empty - 8,580 lb

Caterpillar Tractor D6 and attachments

1. The Caterpillar tractor, Type D6 is a Class III tractor capable of a great variety of work.

2. It is fitted with two tracks which permit it to travel and work over very rough ground. It can be used as a towing vehicle for moving other types of machines. The following attachments may he fitted to it: -

   1. La Plant-Choate angledozer, Model R.61

   2. Le 'Tourneau angledozer, Model SK6

   3. Le Tourneau Power control unit, Model R678

   4. Hyster winch, Model D6N

This item of equipment appears to have been added to the 2nd Edition by the issue of AL58.

Starting - Caterpillar, 2-cylinder  petrol engine:  US hp rating - 15

Travel speeds at rated engine speeds     

Forward    

• 1st - 1.4 mph.
• 2nd - 2.3 mph.
• 3rd - 3.2 mph.
• 4th - 4.4 mph.
• 5th - 5.8 mph.

Reverse:-  

• 1st - 1.8 mph.
• 2nd - 2.8 mph.
• 3rd - 3.9 mph.

Steering   

• No of friction surfaces to each clutch - 24
• Type of clutch release - Spring compensated
• Brakes  -  Contracting band

Transmission - Power transmitted through flexible coupling and over centre engagement, dry flywheel clutch with metallic friction surfaces.  Selective type speed change.

• Length - 12 ft 6 in
• Width - 6 ft 1 in
• Height - 6 ft 9 in
• Gauge (centre of tracks) - 6 ft. 6 in.

• Length of tracks on ground (centre of drive sprocket to centre of front idler) - 7 ft. 2 in.

• Area of ground contact (with standard track shoes) - 2,740 sq. in.

• Ground Clearance (measured from lower face of standard track shoe) - 12½ in

• Height of draw-bar above ground (measured from lower face of standard track shoe to centre of clevis) - 1 ft 2 in.

• Lateral movement of draw-bar (measured at draw-bar pin) - 2 ft. 3¾ in.

Track  

• Width of standard track shoe - 1 ft. 4 in.

• Height of grouser (measured from upper face of standard track shoe) -  2-1/8 in.

• Diameter of track shoe bolts - 9/16 in.

• Diameter of track pins - 1-7/16 in.

• Diameter of track pin bushings - 2-1/8 in.

Weight - 34,200 lb. (15 ton 5 cwt)

Overall length of tractor with angledozer      

• Blade straight - 15 ft. 7 in.

• Blade angled - 8 ft. 0 in,

Overall width of tractor with angledozer      

• Blade straight - 10 ft. 4 in.

• Blade angled - 9 ft. 3 in.

Blade  

• Length - 10 ft. 4 in.

• Height - 2 ft. 9 in.

Maximum lift above ground Blade    

• Straight - 3 ft. 3 in.

• Front point with blade angled  but not tilted - 3 ft. 3 in.

Maximum drop below ground - 1 ft. 0 in.

Maximum angle tilting adjustment  - 1 ft. 2 in.

Lift speed (at rated engine speed) - 1 ft. 2 in. per sec.

Blade angle - 63 degrees

Cutting edges 

• Centre section

  • Length - 8 ft. 2 in.

  • Width - 8 in.

  • Thickness - 5/8 in.

• End bits          

  • Length - 1 ft. 0in.

  • Width - 11 in.

Maximum usable track shoe width - 1 ft. 6 in.

Jack cylinders

• Bore - 5 in.

• Stroke - 2ft. 2in.

Weight

• Angledozer only - 5,100 lb.

• Angledozer and tractor - 21,400 lb.

Dimensions        

Overall Length           

• Blade straight (mounted - 15 ft. 6 in.

• Blade angled 30 degree (mounted) - 18 ft. 0in.

Overall width 

• Blade straight (mounted) - 11 ft. 1 in.

• Blade angled 30 degree (mounted) - 9 ft. 7 in.

Overall height  (mounted for shipping) - 8 ft.     10 in.

Blade without tips - 5/8 in. x 8 in. x 8 ft. 4 in

Tip - ¾ in. x 8 in. x 1 ft. 4½ in.

Height of blade and bowl - 2 ft. 8 in.

Blade tilt adjustment (for digging with point) - 1 ft. 0 in.

Height blade can be raised above ground - 3 ft. 6 in.

Depth blade can be lowered below ground - 6 ft. 0 in.

Maximum blade angle, right or left - 30 degree

Cable Requirements

Type - 6 x 19 Preformed Tournarope

For rear PCU, size - ½ in.

For front PCU, size - ½ in.

Weight

• Tractor and angledozer - 20,600 lb

• Angledozer only - 4,300 lb

Drums

• Number - Double

• Mounting - Rear

• Diameter - 8-5/8 in.

• Length - 7 -5/8 in.

• Flange diameter - 1 ft. 3 in.

Operation - Mechanical from tractor gears

Gear Reduction - 7.2 to 1

Line Pull  

• Bare drum - 5,000 lb.

• Full drum - Up to 3,100 lb.

Line Speed

• Bare drum -  440 ft. per minute

• Full drum - 713 ft. per minute

Cable Capacity (½ in. cable)... 225 ft.

Weights

• Power control unit only - 1,525 lb.

• Power control unit and tractor - 17,825 lb.

• Power  control unit, angledozer and tractor- (to be issued later)

• La Plant-Choate angledozer Model  R.61 - 22,925 lb.

• Le Tourneau angledozer, Model SK6 - 22,125 1b.

Drum

• Barrel diameter - 10 in.

• Flange diameter -  20 in

• Barrel length - 12 in.

Cable Capacity (Maximum line)

• ¾ in. dia. cable - 420 ft.

• 7/8 in. dia. cable - 300 ft.

Available Line Pulls

• Bare drum - 25,000 lb

• Full drum - 14,000 lb.

Line Speeds

Bare drum - 92 ft. per minute

Full drum - 161 ft. per minute

Weights

Net, including transmission and controls (without cable) - 1,625 lb.

Domestic shipping weight, approx. - 1,690 lb.

With tractor - 17,925 lb.

With tractor, La Plant-Choate angledozer, Model R61 and Hyster winch Model D6N - 23,025 lb.

With tractor, Le Tourneau angledozer, Model SK6 and Hyster winch, Model D6N - 22,225 1b.

International Tractor, Type TD-18 and attachments

1. The machine described hereis a Class II diesel-engined crawler tractor, fitted with the following attachments: -

   1. Bucyrus-Erie hydraulic bullgrader Type 20-21

   2. Bucyrus-Erie winch, Type P-24

2. The International UD-18 engine, which powers the tractor, is a six-cylinder diesel engine incorporating a gasoline starting cycle.

This item of equipment appears to have been added to the 2nd Edition by the issue of AL64.

Engine clutch - Hand-operated; Rockford dry single plate, 17 in. dia. disc; clutch brake fitted       .

Steering clutches - Dry multi-disc spring-loaded type, manual release.

Steering brakes - External contracting on steering clutch drums.

Transmission - Selective spur-gear type, 6 forward and 2 reverse speeds   

Gear ratios and travelling speed.

• Length - 13 ft 4 in
• Width - 6 ft 10 in (standard tread)
• Height - 7 ft 9-7/8 in
• Tread (standard) - 5 ft. 2 in.

• Ground contact length (normal) - 7 ft. 0-5/8 in.

• Track shoe width - 1 ft 8 in

• Draw-bar height - 1 ft 3½ in.

• Draw-bar horizontal adjustment - 2 ft 7 in.

• Lateral movement of draw-bar (measured at draw-bar pin) - 2 ft. 3¾ in.

Weight - not stated

Control - Single, 4 position hand lever operating control valve in hydraulic system                

Hydraulic pump - Bucyrus Erie gear type; built-in load control valve set at 450 lb  per sq. in.

Main frame - Box section welded steel construction

Blade - Manganese steel plate with reversible cutting edge; fitted to main frame by adjustable landsides allowing it to be angled in various positions; lifted by twin  hydraulic jacks adjustable mushroom type grading shoes.

Model - P-24 double rum

Controls - Two hand levers

Brakes - Contracting band

1. The machine described her is a Class II diesel engined crawler tractor which is normally fitted with a hydraulic angledozer, and a double-drum cable control unit.

2. A Towing jaw is fitted to the rear and a draw hook is fitted to the front of the tractor.

MT required for transportation: -

• Tractor only - SMT, 20 ton trailer   

• Bray angledozer -

  • AEC, Matador tractor          

  • 5 ton flat platform trailer       

• Onions cable control unit Model LN - 30 cwt. truck, or equivalent   

• Tractor with attachments - SMT, 20 ton trailer   

This item of equipment appears to have been added to the 2nd Edition by the issue of AL65.

Draw-bar hp - 82.4

Accessories - CAV, Heavy duty electrical equipment.  2 lights   facing forward, 2 lights at rear, facing aft.

Hydraulic equipment - Hydraulic pump with power take-off from Leyland engine.

Blade lift - 3 ft. 3 in. (99.06 cm) above ground

Blade dig - 1 ft. 1 in. (33.02 cm) below ground

Blade angle (angledozing to left or right) - 26 deg. from square

Blade camber (to left or right) - 1 ft. 4 in. (40.64 cm) drop over length of blade

Type - Double drum

Rope capacity - 260 ft. of ½ in. wire rope to each drum

Rope speed - 250 ft. per mm.

Maximum line pull - 4,000 lb. (1814.37 kg)

Dimensions: -

  Weights: -

• Tractor only - 24,517 lb

• Bray angledozer - 6,300 lb

• Onions cable control unit Model LN - 1,500 lb

• Tractor with attachments - 33,000 lb.

Angledozers - General

The blade is also capable of being adjusted to other angles across the front of the tractor and any corner may also be raised or dropped to provide local ground penetration.  When operating in this condition it is called 'angledozing'.

In either condition the blade can be moved up and down by means of hydraulic control, operated by a small lever near the driver's seat.  During bulldozing the blade is dropped in order to penetrate the ground, causing the earth to pile up in front of the blade and when full is pushed towards the selected tip.

When angledozing the earth is pushed to one side, forming a windrow.

The bulldozer is capable of felling trees from 4 in to 10 in in diameter by a straight push but trees up to 30 in diameter can be uprooted by angling the blade down to cut the roots on three sides and then piling the earth up to form a ramp.  The blade is then reset to bulldozer mode and the tractor is run up the ramp to achieve greater leverage in order to uproot the tree.

La Plant-Choate Angledozer (Class I)

The weight of this attachment is - 4 tons 3 cwt.

La Plant-Choate Angledozer (Class IV)

The weight of this attachment is - 1 tons 7¾ cwt.

Scrapers - General

1. Scrapers are earthmoving machines designed to make superficial cuts over large areas of ground.  They are therefore most effective on such extensive earthmoving jobs as the construction of airfields and roads.  Their function is to make shallow cuts over specified areas, contain and carry the cut material to fill or spoil banks then to spread the spoil in thin layers and to assist in consolidation by frequent passes over the tipping site.

2. Scrapers can be divided into two types Towed and Motorised both of which are capable of digging light and medium soils free from root masses, tree stumps and boulders without supplementary assistance.  The prime mover for the towed types is usually a Crawler Tractor.  Bad site conditions involving the excavation of heavy or consolidated soils will often necessitate the supplementary assistance of a pusher Tractor to assist in loading, or of a tractor-drawn Rooter to break up the ground in front of the Scraper combination.  Dry sands without binder content are not good for Scraper operation as they will not pile up in the Scraper bowl, while extremely wet or muddy soils are difficult to discharge.

3. The Scraper consists of a steel or wooden body, known as the bowl, mounted on large low-pressure pneumatic tyres and incorporating a means of earth cutting, lifting and lowering, and discharging spoil.  These movements are usually cable-operated and are controlled by the prime mover operator using an arrangement of winches known as a Power Control Unit (or PCU).  The PCU is fitted to the rear of the Tractor and is driven off the Tractor engine.  On other types of Scraper, the movements are hydraulically controlled from the prime mover through a master pump driven off the Tractor engine, pressure being conveyed to the Scraper through hydraulic pipe lines.  The hydraulic method of control is less reliable and is not fitted to AC plant.

4. All Scrapers are operated by lowering the bowl to the ground and as the combination moves forward, a cutting edge on the front of the bowl penetrates and cuts the earth which in turn is forced into the bowl as the Scraper moves forward.  When full the bowl and cutting edge are lifted clear of the ground and an apron which is hinged to the main body, is lowered to prevent the spoil from flowing out until the dump is reached.

5. The load is ejected from most models by the tailgate, a closely fitting plate inside the bowl, which moves forward and pushes out the earth when the apron above the cutting edge is raised.  On other models it is ejected by tipping the bowl and raising the apron The maximum thickness of spread is the ground clearance of the machine while in the hauling position.  Thicknesses of spread less than the maximum are obtained by lowering both bowl and apron on those Scrapers fitted with a tailgate, and, on Scrapers having no tailgate by the combined, use of the tilting bowl and apron.

6. With Towed Scrapers it is essential that the Tractor Scraper combination should be correctly matched if maximum output is to be obtained without excessive strain being put on either unit.  The following combinations are used in the ACB -

   1. Crawler Tractor Class I with 12 cu yd Scraper

   2. Crawler Tractor, Class II, with 9 cu. yd. Scraper

   3. Crawler Tractor Class III with 6 cu yd Scraper

   4. Crawler Tractor Class IV, with 3½ cu yd Scraper

All Scraper capacities quoted above are struck capacities i.e. they take no account of the extra volume obtained by heaping

7. To obtain the best results from all types of Scrapers the following points must be watched carefully when supervising such work -

   1. Loading

      1. Loading should be done in minimum time without excessive stress on the Scraper or Tractor and heaped loads should normally be obtained.

      2. The work should be planned wherever possible for downhill loading in order to use the force of gravity acting on the Scraper combination to obtain larger loads in less time.  It is estimated that the gravity force is 20 pounds pull per gross ton of weight, per 1 per cent of downhill grade.

      3. Taking cuts so that a strip the width of the blade is left between the first two cuts for removal at the third cut (i.e. straddle loading) increases the yardage excavated per trip.

      4. Combined downhill and straddle loading gives the maximum efficiency.

   2. Hauling

      1. Maximum efficiency in hauling is extremely important since this operation occupies more time than any other in each cycle.  Well maintained haul roads will eliminate vibration, shock and wear on machine and operator, thus greatly reducing equipment maintenance and increasing operator efficiency.

      2. By the elimination of unnecessary turns in hauling, operators will help to increase production - every turn eliminated saves 025 minutes in every time cycle.

      3. Correct tyre pressures must be maintained to obtain maximum Scraper efficiency from Tractor drawbar pull.  Every inch of Scraper tyre penetration into the ground requires 30 pounds additional pull per gross ton of Scraper weight.

8. Towed Scrapers are normally most efficient on hauls between 300 feet and 1500 feet.  Motorised Scrapers, being capable of higher speeds when travelling to and from dump or fill areas, become more efficient than Towed Scrapers on hauls between 900 feet and 5,000 feet.

Graders - General

1. Blade Graders are multi purpose earthmoving and shaping machines used in the construction and maintenance of roads and airfields.  Graders may be considered in two classes, the towed class and the self-propelled (or motorised) class.  The former depend on a Crawler Tractor for their mobility and effective grading power, while the latter are fitted with a power unit situated to the rear of the blade.  The Grader is not primarily an earthmover, as is a Scraper or a Bulldozer but is designed to grade, i.e. to finish an excavation to a finer degree than is possible with earthmoving plant.

2. As shown in the illustrations to the following entries the machine consists essentially of a long  narrow blade with a cutting edge which is carried on a four-or six-wheel chassis.   The blade is bolted to a curved plate, known as the moldboard, which imparts a roll to the cut spoil delivered from the blade.  Two brackets, the plough arms, connect the moldboard to the plough circle, the latter being capable of rotation in a horizontal plane and in any other plane up to the vertical on either side of the machine.  In addition to these movements, the circle may be raised or lowered in the horizontal position.  All blade movements are controlled by the operator from his platform at the rear of the blade from which position he can also "lean" the front wheels to enable them to travel in vertical plane even when the machine is operating on a slope, and thus reduce the tendency to side slip. (Front-wheel-lean can also be used to counteract side thrust due to oblique cutting) Control operation varies on different types of machine; it may either be manual, mechanica1 (i.e. by a geared power take-off from an engine) or hydraulic (i.e. by oil pressure from a motor-driven pump).

Use of Graders - General

3. The use of Graders is controlled by the type of operation. distance the material must be moved and the type and condition of the material to be handled.

   1. Type of Operation - Graders are most effective during the latter stages of a job, on operations such as levelling, shaping, mix-in-place construction, spreading and sloping.  They are also sometimes useful in the preliminary work of ditching and light stripping.  A Grader is often an essential machine on a large fill, where trucks or Scrapers are unloading and the fastest cycle of operations must be maintained.

   2. Moving Material - Graders can move large quantities of material short lateral distances by the process of side-casting.  They are not, however, designed to haul in the direction of travel.

   3. Type of Material - Grader will move, without supplementary equipment, light and medium soil free from root masses, clumps and boulders. Unconsolidated material such as loose sand or gravel are ideal for Grader operation Heavy or consolidated material usually requires the auxiliary use of Scarifiers or Rooters.  Very wet and muddy soil will soon cause the wheels of the Grader to bog down, while very dry sand has the awkward tendency of piling up and running over the moldboard.

Power Graders

4. Although the Power Grader is generally a more adaptable and speedy machine than the Towed Grader, there is a general tendency to allocate it to work heavier than that for which it was designed.  It is most efficient on light to medium soils, but it may still be used in heavy ground with the additional power of a Tractor to assist

5. On roads these machines are capable of 12-15 mph., but 3 mph. is an average working speed.

6. Most types of Power Grader can be fitted with scarifying attachments for loosening surfaces which are too hard for the blade to cut. (Grader scarifiers are not rippers for tearing up very hard surfaces, a tractor-drawn Rooter being the appropriate machine).  When scarifying, the teeth should always penetrate material and not drag along the surface, as this causes undue wear on the points.  It is best to force the teeth in at the commencement of the cut and break up the crust by prying from beneath.  The harder the surface, the fewer teeth can be used though the use of fewer than six teeth is not recommended.  The teeth must always be kept sharp, and as wear occurs should be kept adjusted in the scarifier block.

7. The addition of a V-type snowplough and a snow-wing attachment to a Power Grader renders it a useful machine for handling moderately heavy snow loads.  Up to 10 or 12 inches of snow on a road can be quickly pushed up into banks at the sides.

8. The Power Grader may also be used behind other types of snow plough to remove the ice hazard resulting from the layer of snow which would otherwise be left on the road surface.  The combined use of scarifier and blade will remove ice which has been formed from snow compacted by traffic.

Towed Graders

9. It is essential that the Tractor and Grader be properly matched to form a unit.  Graders should have a weight of from 700 lb. per linear foot of blade length for light work, to 900 lb. per linear foot on heavy work.  The Tractor used should have the greatest number of speeds between 1½ and 3½ mph. and should weight approximately twice as much as the Grader.

10. Another essential is that there should be good co-operation between the Grader operator and Tractor driver.  The latter must remember that the Grader operator knows best how to use his own machine and that his own work is to steer the Tractor so that it lines up to the cut.  The Grader operator must keep the Tractor driver informed of the cycle of operations and help him by giving him straight working lines.

11. Towed Graders can often be operated efficiently under adverse site conditions where a Power Grader would not move.

The use of Graders for Maintenance Work

12. The Power Grader is the ideal machine for surface maintenance on earth and gravel roads, and for haul roads used by other earthmoving plant.  It is equally suitable for the maintenance of bituminous surfaces which require scarifying and re-laying.  Gravel roads are best dealt with at speeds of 4 to 6 mph., higher speeds often causing corrugations.  Re-shaping should be performed when the surface is moist, but not wet.  The Towed Grader is better for maintaining side ditches during wet weather.

13. Road maintenance should begin at the first signs of rutting, and must be continual, regular and systematic.  If rutting is not corrected immediately, more passes will be required when the work is finally performed.  The use of enough machines to complete one side of a road with one pass of each Grader will allow the completion of one side of the road while the other side remains open to traffic.

Notes on the Supervision of Grader Work

14. Ensure that no cuts are taken until it is known where the resultant spoil is to be placed.

15. Study the site so that the cut spoil produces the fill required with the least possible movement of the machine.

16. Wherever the area to be graded is covered with a heavy growth of grass or brush, the vegetation should be burned or otherwise removed, as it does not make good fill material.

17. Ditch cutting and bank sloping are low gear operations and can best be performed at 1½ to 2 mph.

18. Spreading and finishing are generally best performed at 2 to 6 mph.

19. Eliminate  all unnecessary turns When a Motor Grader makes a number of passes over a distance of less than 1,000 ft, skilled operation makes it more efficient to work the machine in reverse than to turn the Grader around and continue work from the far end.

20. Study the effect of variation in blade positioning and wheel lean on towed machines of draught offset and back axle side shift.  Blade positioning is most important, as no two soils cut alike and individual soils vary according to the moisture content.  The blade must be set at a sharp enough angle to obtain proper slicing action.

21. The greater the draught offset, the greater is the loss of efficiency, and the greater is the difficulty of keeping the Grader lined up to the cut to be taken.

22. Operations such as levelling, mixing in place and spreading are expedited by using Graders in tandem.

23. Ensure that the tyre pressures are correct (i.e.  as indicated in the Servicing Schedule) over-inflation on Power Graders means a small contact area and a consequent loss of traction.  Pressures among the tyres of a machine must be within 1 lb/sq. in. of each other, as difference in pressure between rear tyres will cause the wheels to slip.

24. Operations should always be performed at the highest possible speed consistent with the skill of the operator and of the ability of the machine to move without stalling.

Millars' Wheeled Blade Grader

The mould board or blade is adjustable for lift and cut, side shift, side cut and camber.  The complete unit is mounted on a steel frame, fitted with stub axles carrying four steel or pneumatic road wheels.  There is provision for wheel inclination, for side sloping and for ditching work.

The swivelling fore-carriage is mounted to the main frame to allow for articulation between the hauling unit and the rear carriage and is fitted with a towing bar and spring shock absorber.  The operator stands on a platform fitted on the rear of the machine with the hand controls in front of him.

The wheeled grader is suitable for ground levelling and spreading, trimming earth banks to slopes and ditch working.

The rear axle and carriage will move either right or left as required, enabling grading to be carried out to a fine limit in cuts, while the rear wheels can be adjusted so that they travel clear of the spoil.

The height of the drawbar is adjustable from 6 in to 2 ft.

This vehicle was shown in AP3036 (1st Edition) so was probably in use before 1944 but didn't appear in the 2nd Edition.

• Length - 22 ft 6 in
• Width -  7 ft 3 in
• Height - 7 ft 9 in

• Vertical - 1 ft 6 in
• Horizontal - 4 ft 0 in
• Angular Circularity - 70^o
• Horizontal angular movement - 180^o

Caterpillar Power Grader, Model 12

2. A scarifier attachment is fitted, and a snow-plough attachment is available for ACB use.  A small tyre pump, driven off the main engine, is fitted to some models to facilitate regular maintenance of correct tyre pressure.

3. The power unit is a Caterpillar six-cylinder diesel engine, Type D4600, and is identical to the power unit of a Caterpillar Type D6 Crawler Tractor.  The diesel engine is started from a twin cylinder petrol engine, the power being transmitted to the diesel engine flywheel by a multiplate disc clutch, and a pinion which is manually engaged with the flywheel ring gear.

4. The braking system consists of a foot-operated hydraulic system acting on the tandem drive rear wheels, plus an auxiliary hand-operated system acting on the front of the lower transmission shaft.

For transporting it needs a SMT, 20 ton, Low loading trailer or similar.

This vehicle was shown in AP3036 (1st Edition) so was probably in use before 1944 and remained in the initial issue of the 2nd Edition.

6 Forward speeds, 2 reverse.

Max speed - 15.2 mph (in highest gear)

The braking system consists of a foot-operated system acting on the tandem drive rear wheels, plus an auxiliary hand-operated system on the front of the lower transmission shaft.

Running Gear -

• Front - Two 7.50 x 24 (8-ply)
• Rear - 13.00 x 24 (8-ply)

• Length - 12 ft 0
• Width - 2 ft 0 in
• Lift above ground - 1 ft 4 in

Scarifer - Type 'V' with worm shaft adjustment and tooth length and tooth pitch adjustments

• Weight - 1,200 lb
• Swathe width - 3 ft 10 in
• Number of teeth - 11
• Teeth spacing - 4½ in centres
• Teeth size - 3 in x 1 in
• Clearance above ground - 12 in

• Lift above ground - 16 in
• Maximum circle rotation - Fully reversible
• Side shift - 36 in
• Bank cutting.  Maximum reach above bottom of wheels - 12 ft 3 in
• Shoulder reach. Maximum measured outside of rear wheels - 7 ft 4 in
• Bank cutting angle, Maximum with horizontal - 90^o

• 1st - 1.8 mph
• 2nd - 2.8 mph
• 3rd - 3.4 mph
• 4th - 5.4 mph
• 5th - 9.6 mph
• 6th - 15.2 mph
• Reverse (Low) - 2.4 mph
• Reverse (High) - 3.8 mph

Road speed - 12 to 15 mph

• Length - 25 ft 0 in
• Width -  7 ft 10 in
• Height - 7 ft 5 in
• Wheelbase - 18 ft 9 in
• Ground Clearance - 1 ft 1½ in
• Turning radius - 40 ft 0 in

Galion Power Grader, Model 101D

1. The Galion Power Grader illustrated above is a self-propelled, heavy duty Grader with similar characteristics to the Caterpillar machine described above, the main difference being in the steering and controls, which in this machine are hydraulically operated. The transmission gears allow for eight forward and two reverse speeds.
2. A scarifier attachment is fitted, but no snow plough attachment is available for ACB use.  It should be noted that when the scarifier attachment is fitted, it is not possible to completely rotate the moldboard.  A small tyre pump, driven off the main engine is fitted to facilitate regular maintenance of correct tyre pressure.
3. The power unit, an International four-cylinder diesel engine, Type UD-14, is started on petrol fed from a carburettor and ignited in the cylinders by sparking plugs.  Before operating the starter button, the engine speed control lever must be moved to the shut-off position, in order to block the flow of diesel fuel, and at the same time the compression release lever turned to the release position. Full compression for diesel operation is obtained by moving the lever to the diesel position as soon as the engine has warmed up sufficiently. The flow from the carburettor is automatically shut-off when the engine speeds control lever is advanced to permit the fuel injection pumps to supply diesel fuel to the engine.

For transporting it needs a SMT, 20 ton, Low loading trailer or similar.

This vehicle was shown in AP3036 (1st Edition) so was probably in use before 1944 and remained in the initial issue of the 2nd Edition.

8 Forward speeds, 2 reverse.

The braking system consists of a foot-operated system acting on the tandem drive rear wheels, plus an auxiliary hand-operated system on the transmission.

Running gear

• Front wheel tyre size - Two 7.50 x 24 in (10-ply)
• Rear wheel tyre size - Four 13.00 x 24 in (8-ply)

• Length - 12 ft 0
• Width - 2 ft 0½ in
• Lift above ground - 1 ft 4 in

Scarifer - Type 'V' with hydraulic control and adjustable tooth length.

• Weight - 1,350 lb
• Swathe width - 3 ft 10 in
• Number of teeth - 11
• Teeth spacing - 4½ in centres
• Teeth size - 3 in x 1 in
• Clearance above ground - 13 in

• 1st - 1.00 to 1.73 mph
• 2nd - 1.28 to 2.66 mph
• 3rd - 1.88 to 3.80 mph
• 4th - 2.49 to 5.17 mph
• 5th - 3.00 to 6.25 mph
• 6th - 4.10 to 8.50 mph
• 7th - 4.90 to 10.20 mph
• 8th - 7.64 to 15.90 mph
• Reverse (Low) - 1.37 to 2.86 mph
• Reverse (High) - 1.97 to 3.89 mph

Road speed - 15 to 20 mph

• Lift above ground - 16 in
• Side shift - 3 ft 8 in (approx)
• Shoulder reach. Maximum measured outside of rear wheels - 6 ft 0 in (approx)
• Maximum bank cutting angle - 90^o

• Length - 25 ft 2 in
• Width -  7 ft 7 in
• Height - 7 ft 2 in
• Wheelbase - 18 ft 11 in
• Ground Clearance - 1 ft 1 in
• Turning radius - 40 ft 0 in

Adams Towed Grader, Model 124-S

It is primarily designed to construct roads but can be used on any ground levelling task, where dirt does not need to be moved any distance and where there is sufficient space for tractor and grader to manoeuvre.

Adjustable leaning wheels at the front and rear, controllers from the operator's platform and the frame side shift mechanism on the rear axle are notable features on this machine.  The controls are mechanical, being foot and hand operated.

Road or towing speed (in transit) - 10 to 15 mph

For transporting it needs a Hands or Templewood trailer or similar.

This vehicle was shown in AP3036 (1st Edition) so was probably in use before 1944, but didn't appear in the 2nd Edition and was formally  removed by the issue of AL21.

• Length - 32 ft 6 in
• Width -  9 ft 10 in (less blade)
• Height - 8 ft 2 in
• Wheelbase - 17 ft 10 in
• Ground Clearance - 10¼ in
• Turning radius - 22 ft 7½ in
• Blade - 12 ft x 1 ft 11 in

• Lift above ground - 1 ft 5 in
• Side shift - 3 ft 0 in
• Shoulder reach outside of rear wheels - 7 ft 6 in
• Maximum reach above bottom of wheels - 7 ft 6 in
• Maximum bank cutting angle - 90^o

• Front wheel tyre size - 36.00 x 8 in
• Rear wheel tyre size - 44.00 x 8 in

Aveling-Austin power grader, Type 99H

1.  The Aveling-Austin Power Grader Type 99H is a self-propelled, heavy duty grader with a fully manoeuvrable blade which permits adjustment to every angle.  The blade, actuated by hydraulic power, can be extended to a total of 89½ in. beyond the outside line of the rear tyres.  All four wheels are driven and both sets of wheels can be steered.  The transmission gears allow for six forward and two reverse speeds.
2. A hydraulically-operated scarifier attachment is provided.
3. The power unit is a Leyland six-cylinder  diesel engine Type AU 450/1 which is started by an electric starter motor.
4. The braking system comprises a foot-operated hydraulic system and a hand operated mechanical parking, brake.  Both operate on the drive shaft and brake all wheels

For transporting it needs a SMT, 20 ton, Low loading trailer or similar.

This vehicle appears to be added to the 2nd Edition by the issue of AL1.

6 Forward speeds, 2 reverse.

Running gear

• Front wheel tyre size - Two 14.00 x 20 in (14-ply)
• Rear wheel tyre size - Two 14.00 x 20 in (14-ply)

• Weight - 1,350 lb
• Swathe width - 3 ft 10 in
• Number of teeth - 11
• Teeth spacing - 4½ in centres
• Teeth size - 3 in x 1 in
• Clearance above ground - 13 in

• 1st - 2.2 mph
• 2nd - 3.58 mph
• 3rd - 5.22 mph
• 4th - 7.45 mph
• 5th - 12.10 mph
• 6th - 13.30 mph
• Reverse (Low) - 2.23 mph
• Reverse (High) - 7.55 mph

• Lift above ground - 1 ft 4 in
• Cut below ground - 1 ft 9 in
• Side shift - 3 ft 8 in (approx)
• Maximum beyond the outside line of rear wheels - 10 ft 1½ in (approx)
• Maximum bank cutting angle - 90^o

• Length, standard - 13 ft 0 in
• Width (vertical height including bit) - 1 ft 10½ in
• Mouldboard thickness - ¾ in

Circle

• Diameter - 5 ft 2 in
• Circle centre to front axle - 8 ft 6¾ in

Vehicle

• Overall Length - 24 ft 3 in
• Overall Width -  7 ft 10¾ in
• Overall Height - 8 ft 8 in (without cab), 10 ft 1 in (with cab)
• Wheelbase - 18 ft 8 in
• Turning radius - 30 ft 10 in

Blaw-Knox, Motorised Grader, Model BK-12

1. The machine described here is a self-propelled heavy-duty grader fitted with a 12-foot blade and an 11-tine scarifier.  The controls are power-operated.  The high-lift blade is a  completely reversible, with operating clearance in all positions to prevent damage being caused through contact with tyres, the frame, or attachments.  A wide range of blade and scarifier adjustment permits the grader to be adapted to a variety of operations.

2. Power is transmitted through a six-speed gearbox to the rear axle and then by tandem chain drive to the four rear driving wheels.

3. The braking system consists of a foot-controlled hydraulic system, operating on the four driving wheels, and a hand-operated system acting on the lower transmission shaft; the hand brake is used as a parking brake.

MT required for transporting: -

• SMT, 20 ton trailer or
• Self-propelled

This vehicle appears to be added to the 2nd Edition by the issue of AL66.

6 Forward speeds, 2 reverse.

Accessories

1. Waterproofed electrical equipment - Four head floodlights facing forward, One head floodlight facing rearward, Two side lights facing forward and Two rear lights

2. 11-tine scarifier

3. Mechanical tyre pump

• 1st - 2.31 mph
• 2nd - 3.67 mph
• 3rd - 4.48 mph
• 4th - 7.10 mph
• 5th - 12.40 mph
• 6th - 19.70 mph
• Reverse (Low) - 3.08 mph
• Reverse (High) - 4.90 mph

Turning Circle (radius) - 46 ft 4½ in

Leaning angle, Front wheels - 25 deg

• Blade length - 12 ft 0 in
• Blade cutting depth - - 9 in
• Shoulder reach - 7 ft 4 in
• Mechanical side shift (to right or left of centre) - 3 ft 2½ in
• Pitch positions (blade angle) - 13 (adjustment is provided on the serrated links)
• Maximum bank cutting angle - 90^o
• Blade pressure (thrust) - 13,190 lb
• Throat clearance (bottom of circle to cutting edge) - 23½ in

• Number of tines - 11
• Spacing of tines (centre to centre) - 4.5625 in
• Cutting depth - 11½ in
• Width of cut - 47-5/8 in
• Lift above ground - 14½ in
• Pitch position (scarifier angle) - 3 (three holes in the scarifier block bracket provide the adjustment)
• Effective weight on tines - 8,933 lb

• Overall Length, 'A' - 25 ft 4 in
• Overall Width, 'B' -  8 ft 2½ in
• Overall Height, 'M' - 7 ft 3 in (with cab, air filter and end of exhaust removed)
• Wheelbase, 'D' - 21 ft 2 in (Front wheel to rear wheel)
• Track widths
  • Front wheels, 'F' - 6 ft 10 in
  • Rear wheels, 'G' - 5 ft 11 in
• Ground Clearances
  • Front axle, 'H' - 16½ in
  • Grader blade (max lift with blade horizontal), 'K' - 18½ in
  • Scarifier (Max lift), 'L' - 14½ in

• Total weight - 11 tons 10 cwt
• Weight on front wheels - 3 tons 8½ cwt
• Weight on rear wheels - 8 tons 1½ cwt

Dumpers - General

1. Dumpers are designed to transport material over ground where lorries cannot travel.  They are usually four-wheeled, low-geared, forward tipping machines, the engine being mounted at the rear beside the driver.  Speedy tipping is one of the Dumper's main advantages.  The load is discharged from the large steel skip by gravity, the tipping lever being close to the driver's seat.  After discharge, the skip returns to the loading position automatically.

2. Wide track-centres and a small turning circle make these machines ideal for transporting excavated material, etc., over rough, uneven, and wet muddy ground, and on sites where operating, space is restricted.  Operators of the small 2 cu. yd. models should always be on guard against over-balancing, however, as Steering with the small rear wheels renders the machine liable to overturn on sharp bends and side slopes.

3. Operators should be warned to stand clear, and not remain in the driving seat, while the Dumper is being loaded by a Mechanical Excavator.  It is possible for large pieces of clay or stones to fall from the bucket of the Excavator, with possible injury to an operator who remains seated during loading.

4. Dumpers are sometimes useful for transporting concrete from a Concrete Mixer, but the operator must be careful to wash out the skip of the Dumper at the conclusion of the day's work.   Before concrete is loaded into the skip, all traces of earth, etc, must be thoroughly washed away.

5. When contemplating the use of Dumpers on any job, Civil Engineer Officers should always ensure that tipping lorries are not a more economical proposition.  It can generally be assumed that, providing site conditions are suitable, tipping lorries are preferable for all load moving which entails tipping.

6. As with all other load moving plant, strict control is essential to ensure that the number of machines in use is the minimum necessary to provide an even flow from the loading site.

7. Dumpers should not be driven when it is necessary to move them from one job to another, as they are unable to keep up with long distance road convoys, and are not designed for long periods of uninterrupted high speed running.

Muirhill Dumper Mk I

It has a body capacity of 2.23 cu yd struck measure.  It is steered by small wheels at the rear and its normal running speed, loaded, on a smooth surface is 6 to 8 mph; unloaded 10 to 12 mph.

Tipping at the site is done by operating the tipping lever, releasing the the body, which tilts forward by gravity and ejects the load.

Transportation vehicle -

• Bedford OWST, 4x2, Tender, Tipping
• Bedford OY 4x2 Tender, Tipping
• AEC Matador, 4x4, Tractor

This vehicle was shown in AP3036 (1st Edition) so was probably in use before 1944 and was still shown in the initial issue of AP3036 (2nd Edition).

3 Forward speeds, 1 reverse, operating speeds -

• 1st - 5.5 mph
• 2nd - 8.25 mph
• 3rd - 14.7 mph
• Reverse - 4.7 mph

• Length - 10 ft 7 in
• Width -  6 ft 6 in
• Height - 6 ft 3 in
• Wheelbase - 5 ft 3 in
• Ground Clearance - 1 ft 0 in
• Track (driving wheels) - 4 ft 2 in
• Turning radius - 12 ft 6 in
• Internal length of skip - 6 ft 9 in
• Internal width of skip - 6 ft 2 in
• Internal depth of skip (max) - 3 ft 0 in

Wheels and tyres

• Front wheel tyre size - 11.25 x 24 in
• Rear (Steering) wheel tyre size - 6.00 x 19 in

Muirhill Dumper Mk II

When required the 'Rotaped' tracks can be replaced by the normal rubber-tyred wheels.  In addition to the track mechanism, the Mk II also differs from the Mk I in having a narrower skip and a number of other minor modifications.

Tipping at the site is done by operating the tipping lever, releasing the the body, which tilts forward by gravity and ejects the load.

Transportation vehicle -

• Bedford OY 4x2 Tender, Tipping
• AEC Matador, 4x4, Tractor

This vehicle was shown in AP3036 (1st Edition) so was probably in use before 1944 but was not shown in the initial issue of AP3036 (2nd Edition) and was formally removed by the issue of AL21.

3 Forward speeds, 1 reverse.

• Length - 10 ft 4 in
• Width -  6 ft 3 in
• Height - 6 ft 5 in
• Wheelbase - 5 ft 3 in
• Ground Clearance - 1 ft 0 in
• Turning radius - 12 ft 6 in
• Internal length of skip - 6 ft 10 in
• Internal width of skip - 4 ft 3 in
• Internal depth of skip (max) - 3 ft 8 in

Wheels and tyres

• Front wheel size - 'Rotaped' tracks, ground contact area - 275.5 sq in, 6 links per track.
• Rear (Steering) wheel tyre size - 6.00 x 19 in

Aveling-Barford Dumper, 4½ cu yd

1. The Aveling-Barford 4 cu yd. dumper is powered by a Dorman 4 cylinder compression-ignition engine Type 4BK2.  The machine has four speeds, which may be used in either the forward or reverse direction, the change of direction being obtained through the medium of a gear change-over box.

This item of equipment appears to have been added to the 2nd Edition by the issue of AL45.

3 Forward speeds, 1 reverse.

• Number of wheels - Four
• Driving wheels - Four-piece, 10 x 24
• Steering wheels - Well-base, 5.05F x 18

Tyre sizes, type and treads

• Driving wheels - 14 x 24, Tractor type, M & S tread, 16 ply
• Steering wheels - 8.25 x 18, T & B type, Reg. tread, 8 ply

Speeds

• Forward (load at rear of driver) 4.15, 7.4, 12.25, and 20.2 mph.
• Reverse (load in front of driver) 3, 5.36, 9 and 14.6 mph.

Hoppers

 *Stiffened by 2 in x 2 in. x 5/16 in. angle

Note - Dumpers fitted with automatic tailgates have bodies 1/8 in. thick back and sides and a floor 3/16 in. thick: will carry 3-4 cu yd of liquid concrete

Engine

• Length from fan to flywheel face - 3 ft. 7½ in.
• Width - 2 ft.  1 in.
• Height  - 3 ft. 7½ in.

Complete machine  - Overall

• Length - 13 ft. 9 in.
• Width -  7 ft. 6 in.
• Height - 8 ft. 0 in
• Height of hopper sides (earth or rock body) - 7 ft. 1 in.
• Height of hopper lip (earth or rock body) - 5 ft. 9 in.
• Ground Clearance (min) - 1 ft 1 in
• Turning radius - 17 ft 0 in
• Track - 6 ft. 1 in. (rear): 5 ft. 9 in. (front)
• Height of towing bracket - 2 ft. 4 in. to centre

Road Machine, ¾ cu yd, dumper

1. This dumper is a self-tipping machine fitted with a foot-operated spring - loaded catch for discharging the load. The machine is capable of carrying a load of I ton over rough ground.

2. The engine and the drivers seat are situated at the rear of the machine and are positioned over the steering road wheels; the driver faces the bucket which is positioned above the driving road wheels.

3. The drive from the engine to the gearbox is by five V-belts, and the drive from the gearbox to the driving road wheels is transmitted, through a propeller shaft, and universal joints, to a conventional type of differential axle. A hand-operated gear change provides three forward speeds and one reverse.

Stores Ref - 89A/263

MT required for transportation -

• Self-propelled of tipper truck

This item of equipment appears to have been added to the 2nd Edition by the issue of AL87.

Maximum speed - 12 mph.          

Turning circle (dia.) - 26 ft

Size of bucket mouth - 4 ft. 5 in.

Height of bucket lip above ground level - 3 ft. 51 in.

Minimum ground clearance (under differential casing) - 8 in.

Capacity of bucket to water level - 16 cu. ft

Struck capacity - 215 cu. ft

Heaped capacity - 27 cu. ft

Maximum safe load -  2240 lb

Angle of bucket bottom when tipped - 50 deg. to horizontal  

Axle loadings with bucket loaded to 994 lb.

• Driving axle - 1848 lb

• Steering axle - 1064 lb

Dimensions (machine in working order)                    

• Overall height - 4 ft. 8½ in.

• Overall length - 8 ft. 1½ in

• Overall width - 4 ft. 11 in

• Wheelbase - 4 ft. 6¼. in

• Track centres              

  • Driving wheels - 4 ft. 3 in.

  • Steering wheels - 4 ft. 0¾. in

Weights

Total unladen weight - 1918 lb.

Driving axle unladen weight - 966 lb

Steering axle unladen weight - 952 lb

High-Lift Shovels - General

1. Power loading shovels are usually built around a standard tractor unit and incorporate power-controlled attachments for loading or lifting.  The use of these machines is limited to the handling and loading of loose materials such as coal, coke, ashes, gravel, etc, from stockpiles.  When fitted with a crane attachment, the machines are suitable for minor lifting work, and because of the low height of the jib are particularly useful for indoor lifting tasks.

2. It should be borne in mind that loading shovels are not excavators, and will not dig into a hard face.  The material to be loaded should be loose, and if possible, should have about a six-foot face.  For efficient operation the machine should be driven into the stockpile with the bucket at ground level; when filled, the bucket should be raised approximately mid-way, and held in that position while travelling to the discharge point, in order to keep the centre of gravity of the machine as low as possible.  This is especially necessary when working on bad or uneven ground.

3. On mechanically-powered units, the attachments are controlled by a power winch, which is situated to the rear of the operator's seat and is driven from a power take-off attachment on the main transmission shaft.  It is important to note that the winch must not be allowed to overrun when lowering the attachments, as this is most injurious.  Any overrun cable must always be re-coiled evenly on the drum by hand.

4. In the hydraulic type of loading shovel, the boom is raised by hydraulic mechanism actuated by a pump driven off the main transmission of the tractor.

Chaseside Hi-Lift Shovel, 1/3 cu yd

1. The Hi Lift shovel illustrated above is fitted with a 1/3 cu yd capacity shovel attachment the superstructure being fixed to a Fordson Industrial Tractor chassis.  A "Handycrane" crane attachment is also sometimes used.
2. The power unit is a Fordson Industrial 4-cylinder gasoline engine, with a gearbox which allows for 3 speeds forward and 1 reverse.
3. The braking system is mechanically controlled from foot and hand-operated levers. The foot brake is operated by the clutch pedal and acts through multiple discs on the transmission.  The handbrake is of the internal expanding type and acts on the rear wheels only.
4. A power take -off, operating from the main transmission shift and controlled by a dog clutch drives the power winch at the rear.  The winch drum is controlled by a friction drive, incorporating a braking system which is operated automatically as the controls return to normal position.  This allows the bucket or load to be raised, lowered or held in any desired position.

Wheels and tyres

• Front wheel size - 30 x 5
• Rear (Steering) wheel tyre size - 11.00 x 20 in

MT required for transportation -

• Hands or Templewood trailer (machine with attachments fitted)

• AEC, Matador, 4x4, Tractor (machine less attachments)

This vehicle was shown in AP3036 (1st Edition) so was probably in use before 1944 but wasn't shown in the initial issue of AP3036 (2nd Edition).  It appeared in the 2nd Edition in AL4, to which this entry is amended.

3 Forward speeds, 1 reverse.

Crane - 8,388 lb

• Capacity - 1/3 cu yd
• Normal height - 9 ft 0 in
• Hoisting speed - 24 ft/min at 1,1000 rpm.

• Capacity - 1 ton
• Maximum lift - 11 ft 5 in
• Reach - 3 ft 1½ in
• Hoisting speed - 24 ft/min at 1,1000 rpm

• Forward - 5 to 8 mph
• Reverse - 3½ mph

• Length - 14 ft 9 in
• Width -  5 ft 7 in
• Height - 12 ft 9 in (max), 9 ft 8 in (min)
• Wheelbase - 5 ft 3½ in
• Ground Clearance - 7 in
• Turning radius - 15 ft 0 in

• Length - 15 ft 0 in (max), 11 ft 9 in (min)
• Width -  5 ft 7 in
• Height - 15 ft 0 in (max), 13 ft 0 in (min)
• Wheelbase - 5 ft 3½ in
• Ground Clearance - 7 in
• Turning radius - 15 ft 0 in

Bray 7/8 cu yd, Hydraloader

1. The Bray 7/8 cu. yd. hydraloader is a self-propelled hydraulically operated loading shovel.  The prime-mover is a Fordson "Major" tractor powered by a Perkins P6 (TA) diesel engine.

2. The hydraulic power for raising the bucket is provided by a gear type pump, gravity fed from a tank beneath the driver's seat.

3. A crane hook attachment may he bolted to the bucket for the purpose of lifting loads up to but not exceeding, one ton

Wheels and tyres

• Front wheel size - 30 x 5
• Rear (Steering) wheel tyre size - 11.00 x 20 in

This item of equipment appears to have been added to the 2nd Edition by the issue of AL4.

3 Forward speeds, 1 reverse.  Ratios: -

• 1st Gear - 68.5 to 1
• 2nd Gear - 48.6 to 1
• 3rd Gear - 19.4 to 1
• Reverse - 50.6 to 1

With ballast and normal equipment - 9,520 lb (excluding operator)

• Maximum delivery height to bucket lip (bucket tipped) - 10 ft 3 in
• Minimum distance (crane hook vertical to front of tractor) - 2 ft 0 in
• Maximum distance (crane hook vertical to front of tractor) - 4 ft 0 in
• Distance of bucket lip (when horizontal) in front of lowered position - 1 ft 4 in
• Bucket Capacity - 7/8 cu yd
• Crane Capacity - up to but not exceeding 1 ton

• Length - 15 ft 0 in
• Width -  6 ft 8 in
• Height (without cab) - 6  ft 11 in
• Height (bucket at maximum lift) - 14 ft 9 in
• Height to crane hook swivel (maximum lift) - 11 ft 4 in
• Inside width of bucket - 3 ft 3 in
• Wheelbase - 6 ft 5 in
• Turning radius - 26 ft or 21 ft (with brakes i action)

Bray Hydraloader, Type 21HL, ¾ cu yd, Mk 2

1. The machine is intended for loading loose material and may be used for handling sand, gravel, rubble or broken concrete from stock piles on rough ground.

2. The loader equipment comprises a bucket of ¾cu. yd. capacity (struck), fitted with detachable digger teeth; a main frame and main and crowd booms and a hydraulic system for lifting the booms and for bucket crowd control.  Lifting power for the booms is provided by two hydraulic jacks anchored at the rear of the main frame.  Two double-acting jacks behind the bucket give control in all positions from ground level to maximum lift.

3. An oil reservoir tank for the hydraulic system is positioned beneath the driver's seat.  Hydraulic pressure is provided by a gear type pump mounted at the front of the machine and driven through Hardy-Spicer couplings by the engine crankshaft.  All loading and discharge operations are controlled by a single lever at the operator's left hand, the lever being connected direct to a piston type control valve.  A relief valve is incorporated in the reservoir tank.

4. The above equipment is mounted on a "New Fordson Major" diesel-engined tractor of standard Ford construction with the exception of the front axle and front and rear wheels.  The rear tyres are liquid ballasted; electric lighting equipment is fitted.

Running gear

Wheels, pneumatic tyres:-

• Front - 2, size 750 x 20

• Rear —2, size 1200 x 24, liquid-ballasted

Clutch: -

• Dry single plate, 11 in. dia. disc

• Pedal free movement - 1½ to 2 in

Gearbox - Selective constant mesh type; 6 forward, 2 reverse speeds

Rear axle - Semi-floating; drive from gearbox by bevel pinion and crown wheel, four-pinion differential, and reduction gear

Gear ratios

Brakes

• Foot - rod and cable operated internal-expanding type, fitted to each rear axle pinion shaft; 14 in. drums spring loaded locking lever acting on foot brake ratchet.

• Hand- multi-plate disc, running in oil, acting on transmission; parking brake only

Steering gear - Recirculatory ball type; ratio (straight-ahead position) 24 to 1

Front axle - Solid beam and radius rods; taper roller wheel bearings; adjustable track rod.  Front wheel toe-in 1/8 in. at wheel rims

Boom and bucket control system: -

• Hydraulic; boom lift by two double-acting main jacks, bucket control by two double-acting crowd jacks.

• Reservoir tank-located beneath driver's seat; incorporates relief valve set to 850 lb. per sq. in. and gauze filler filter

• Control valve - Piston type, operated by hand lever

• Pump - gear type, mounted at front end of tractor and driven by Hardy-Spicer coupling to engine crankshaft.

Cab - Steel, totally-enclosed, with rear door and toughened-glass windscreen, side windows, door window and overhead window

Bucket loader - Main frame of welded construction; bucket fitted with detachable digger teeth

This item of equipment appears to have been added to the 2nd Edition by the issue of AL63.

Fuel consumption - Approx. 5 gallons per 8 hrs., average working conditions

Max. discharge height - 9 ft. 0 in. (i.e., clearance under tipped bucket)

Forward reach - 1 ft. 4 in.

Bucket capacity...

• Struck - ¾ cu. yd

• Heaped - 7/8 cu. yd.

Maximum safe load in bucket - 25 cwt

 Speed of lift - 128 ft. per mm. at bucket hinge pin

Speed of return - 235 ft, per mm. at bucket hinge pin

Turning radii -

• Bucket lowered - 18 ft. 8 in.

• Bucket raised - 17 ft. 0 in.

• Centre front wheel - 15 ft. 6 in.

• Centre rear wheel — 8 ft. 10 in.

• Length (bucket lowered) - 15 ft 2½ in
• Length (bucket raised) - 14 ft 10 in
• Width -  6 ft 6½ in
• Height (bucket lowered) - 7  ft 0 in
• Height (bucket raised) - 13 ft 6 in
• Wheelbase - 6 ft 3 in
• Track - 5 ft 8¾ in (front), 5 ft 5¼ in (rear)
• Ground Clearance - 11 in
• Size of bucket mouth - 4 ft 9 in x 3 ft 3½ in

Weatherill overhead loading shovel ¾ cu yd, Model 4H

1. The machine is used for loading loose material, such as sand, gravel, rubble or broken concrete, from stockpiles. 

2. Two hydraulic crowd rams, control the angle of the shovel arid tilt it to the position required for loading, carrying, or discharging.  The shovel is raised on side arms by two primary and two secondary hydraulic rams to a discharge position over the rear of the machine.  From this position the shovel can be emptied into another machine or vehicle parked at the rear of the loading shovel.

3. The loading shovel equipment is mounted on a 'New Fordson Major' diesel-engined tractor fitted with a heavy duty front axle. 

4. A towing jaw is fitted at the rear of the machine.

This item of equipment appears to have been added to the 2nd Edition by the issue of AL63.

Working Dimensions: -            

Overall length with shovel in loading position - 15 ft. 9 in.

Maximum discharge height (i.e. clearance under tipped shovel) - 8 ft 9 in

Maximum reach in discharge position (overhang at rear of machine) - 2 ft 0 in

Width of shovel mouth - 4 ft. 0 in

Overhead clearance required to operate - 15 ft 6

 in

Machine in Working order

Overall length (Towing jaw to tip of digger teeth) 'A' - 15 ft. 9 in

Overall width (Outside of rear wheels) - 6 ft. 6 in

Overall height (top of cab) 'B' - 7 ft. 0 in

Wheelbase - 7ft. 0 in.

Track width between wheel centres: -        

• Front - 4ft. 1½ in

• Rear - 5 ft. 6 in.

Ground clearances                                         

• Bottom of buffer  plate ballast box 'D' - 10 in.

• Towing jaw ' F' - 14 in

Overhang details                                            

• Shovel to front of tractor - 4 ft. 0 in

• Towing jaw to rear wheels 'E' - 1 ft. 0 in.

Weight                               

Total weight (empty) - 5 ton 15 cwt.           

Machine in Travelling conditon

The loading shovel bucket can be detached and stowed over the tractor bonnet. The crowd rams an be swung over to face towards the rear of the machine.

• Overall length (Towing jaws to extremity of side arm) 'C' - 12 ft. 9 in.

• Overall width (Outside of rear wheels) - 6 ft. 6 in

• Overall height (top of cab) 'B' - 7 ft. 0 in.

Weight                     

Total weight - 5 ton. 15 cwt.             

Merton overhead loading shovel, 5/8 cu yd, Mk IV (Merton Overloader, Mk IV)

1. The machine is intended for loading loose material, such as sand, gravel, rubble or broken concrete, into a tipper from stock piles on rough ground.

2. The loader equipment comprises two overhead rails, a hoisting winch, cables, and a bucket fitted with detachable digger teeth.  Power for the winch drive is taken from the front of the tractor engine crankshaft and is transmitted through roller chains and a disc plate clutch.

3. The bucket is located to the rails by two pairs of rollers and is raised to the discharge position by the cables and hoisting winch; the winch is controlled by a single lever coupled to a brake.  The bucket can be held in any desired position on the rails by placing the lever in the braking position.  After discharging the load, the bucket is returned to the loading position by gravity, the rate of descent being controlled by application of the brake.

4. The loader equipment is mounted on a "New Fordson Major" diesel engined tractor of standard design.  Liquid ballast can be used for filling the rear tyres to improve adherence and traction.

This item of equipment appears to have been added to the 2nd Edition by the issue of AL66.

Overall length, 'A' - 17 ft. 8 in

Front of yoke to rear of tow jaw, 'C' - 13 ft 5 in

Overall width (Outside of rear wheels) - 6 ft. 8 in

Overall height with return arm lashed down 'L' - 11 ft. 3 in

Wheelbase, 'D' - 6 ft. 10 in.

Track centres: -        

• Front - 5 ft. 0 in

• Rear - 5 ft. 8 in.

Ground clearances                                         

• Bottom of yoke bracket, 'E' - 9 in

• Bottom of front axle - 9 in.

• Bottom of driving cab - 11 in

Overhang details                                            

• Top main shreave to towing jaw, 'I' - 3 ft. 0 in

• Towing jaw to rear wheel centre 'H' - 2 ft. 6 in.

• Front of yoke to front wheel centre, 'F' - 4 ft 1 in

• Digger teeth (with bucket on ground) to front wheel centre, 'G' - 5 ft 7 in

Weight                               

Total unladen weight - 4 ton 3¼ cwt. 

Axle loading with bucket empty and lowered to approach position

• Front axle - 1 ton 1¼  cwt

• Rear axle - 2 ton 10 cwt

Axle loading with bucket loaded to 10 cwt and raised  in the discharge position: -

• Front axle -  17½ cwt

• Rear  axle - 3 ton 15¾ cwt.

Machine in Travelling condition

This machine can be stowed, or loaded on to a vehicle, supported in the position illustrated below.  This method of loading will reduce the height but will increase the overall length.

Bray mechanical shovel/overhead loader ¾ cu yd, 'Dualoader 35'

1. The 'Dualoader' has been designed to operate as t conventional type of front end loader or as an overhead type of loader; the bucket can be tilted forward for a front end discharge, or backwards for a rear discharge.

2. Double acting hydraulic crowd jacks. control the bucket angle and provide a power crowd and positive bucket control. Double acting main hydraulic jacks control the action of the boom. A safety device is incorporated which prevents the bucket from being inadvertently discharged whilst the boom is travelling between the maximum front discharge position and the rear discharge position.

3. The machine can be used for the following purposes: -

   1. Loading from stock piles (on rough ground) into a truck or batching plant.

   2. Stripping top soil.

   3. Bulldozing loose material, with the bucket tipped.

   4. As a crane to lift a ton weight, with a crane attachment fitted in place of the bucket.

4. The equipment is mounted on a Fordson Major" tractor with a strengthened chassis fitted with a heavy duty front axle, and with rear ballast weights. The machine is equipped With electric lights and all necessary fittings to enable it to travel on roads; a towing hitch is fitted to the rear of the machine

Stores Ref - 89A/142

MT required for transportation -

• 10 ton Tipper or 10 ton trailer

This item of equipment appears to have been added to the 2nd Edition by the issue of AL86.

Hydraulic system - Bray-power Crowd

Dimensions (machine in working condition)

• Overall length (bucket or crane hook lowered to ground) - 15 ft. 2 in

• Overall width - 6 ft. 8 in.

• Height over cab -  8 ft. 6 in

• Wheelbase - 6 ft. 3 in

• Track

  • Front wheel - 5 ft. 10 in.

  • Rear wheels - 5 ft. 5 in.

• Ground clearance (Under rear ballast weight) - 11 in

Overhang details

• Front wheel centre to bucket digger teeth

  • Approach  Position (teeth on ground) - 7 ft 6 in

  • Carrying position - 7 ft. 4 in

• Rear wheel centre to towing hitch - 2 ft. 8 in

Machine with bucket, or crane attachment, removed

Overall length - 12 ft. 6 in.

Overhang end of mini boom to front wheel centre - 3 ft 7 in

Overall dimensions of bucket (inverted position)

• Length - 5 ft. 2 in.

• Width - 4 ft 9 in

• Height - 3 ft 2 in

Overall dimensions of crane attachment

• Length - 2 ft. 10 in.

• Width - 3 ft. 9 in

• Height - 2 ft. 4 in.

Weights (unladen)

Machine in full working order as loading shovel (bucket clear of ground)

• Front axle - 2 tons 13 cwt

• Rear axle weight - 3 tons 8 cwt

• Total unladen weight - 6 tons 1¼ cwt

Machine in full working order fitted as a crane

• Front axle weight - 2 tons 0¾ cwt

• Rear axle weight - 3 tons 13¾ cwt

• Total unladen weight - 5 tons 14½ cwt

Machine with bucket, or front end attachment, removed

• Front axle eight - 1 ton 19 cwt

• Rear axle weigh - 3 tons 14 cwt

• Total unladen weight - 5 tons 13s 1¼ cwt

Weight of bucket (detached) - 903 lb

Weight of crane attachment (detached) - 161 lb

Highway earth auger, Model HDM-S

1. The Highway Earth Auger, Model HDM-S is transported on, and operated from, a motor le of 3 ton loading or over. The machine is designed to bore holes of from 9 in. to 20 in in. diameter, to a depth of 9 ft., in practically any soil except solid rock.
2. The earth boring unit comprises two trains of gears, controlled by two multiple disc clutches )rakes. The drive train of gears rotates the auger, and the feed train forces the rotating into and out of the ground. All gears and clutches are enclosed and operate in oil.
3. The boring head and intermediate case are equipped with levelling mechanisms, which it holes to be bored at any angle below the centre line of the clutch case and to the rear of vehicle.
4. Power is furnished to the earth boring unit by a Continental gasoline engine, Type PF 226. engine, earth boring unit, transmission, coupling, battery box and tool box, are all mounted steel frame as a complete unit.

Transportation vehicle -

• Any flat platform truck or lorry of 3 ton loading or over.

This item of equipment appears to have been added to Part 1, 2nd Edition by the issue of AL2 but was transferred to Part 14 by AL73.

Transmission - Fuller, Model 5-A-33-SP

• Total (including components) - 5,100 lb
• Engine - 780 lb
• Transmission - 210 lb

• Diameter of hole - 9 to 20 in
• Depth of hole - 9 ft 0 in

• Length (with components) - 133½ in
• Width (with components) -  34 in
• Height (with rack bar in working position)- 16 ft 6 in from platform
• Height (with rack bar in travelling position)-50 in

Four Wheel Drive Auto Co, earth auger (Motorised)

1. The plant is used to bore earth for pole-setting or for other purposes; several different-sized auger bits are provided.  The auger bits are driven by a shaft mounted in a steel tower which is carried on the rear end of the plant chassis and can be raised and lowered under power.

2. A powered winch is fitted behind the driver's cab.  The winch cable can he fed through a pulley at the top of the auger tower to provide a lifting hoist.

3. The chassis has a four-wheeled drive, five forward speeds and one reverse, hydraulic vacuum-operated brakes on all road wheels, mechanical  hand-operated transmission brakes, and a manually-controlled differential lock.

4. Power is supplied by a gasoline engine.  Drives taken from the gear box transmit power to the winch, the auger tower raising and lowering mechanism, and to the auger bit.

This item of equipment appears to have been added to Part 1, 2nd Edition by the issue of AL32 but was transferred to Part 14 by AL73.

Gearbox - Independently mounted, sliding jaw clutch, single hand lever-operated always in mesh.

Speeds - 5 forward, 1 reverse

Gear Ratios -

• Tower size - 24 ft
• Auger shaft - 2 in square
• Auger bit sizes - Various up to 4 ft 8 in diameter (e.g. 1 ft 0 in, 1 ft 8 in, 2 ft 4 in,3ft 6 in and 4 ft 0 in)
• Drive - Chain and Sprocket.  Mainshaft sprocket: 24 teeth, Auger sprocket: 32 teeth.  Roller chain 1¼ in pitch

Deprth of bore - 20 ft

• Length (auger tower down, auger bit removed) - 15 ft 6 in
• Width - 8 ft 0 in
• Height (auger tower down)- 12 ft 6 in